"Atina'nın antik harabeleri" (The Antiquities of Athens) dizisinin beşinci cildi aslında J. Stuart ve Ν. Revett'i onurlandırmak için yapılmış bir Ek baskıdır. Bu kitapta kabul görmüş beş mimar arkeolog ve çizimci (başta Ch.R. Cockerell olmak üzere W. Kinnard, Th.L. Donaldson, W. Jenkins ve W. Railton) Agrigento, Figaleia, Korfu, Messini, Mikene, Delos ören yerlerindeki anıtları, Epidaurus, Dodona, Siraküza'daki antik tiyatroları v.b. görüntüleri sergilemektedir. Dizinin öteki ciltlerinde olduğu gibi her anıtın resminden önce ayrıntılı açıklamalar verilmekte, ardından anıtın görünümleri, ön, yan, alttan yukarıya ve kuşbakışı planları ile mimari ayrıntıları gösteren desenler izlemektedir.

İskoçyalı bir denizcinin oğlu olan Britanyalı mimar ve ressam James Stuart (1713-1788) erken yaşta resim yapmaya başlar; daha ergenken kazandığı bir bursla Society of Arts sanat okuluna girer ve hem serbest desen hem geometri alanında yeteneklerini geliştirir.

1741 yılında, uzun zaman düşlediği Roma seyahatini kardeşlerinin ekonomik katkısı sayesinde gerçekleştirir. Yolun büyük kısmını yayan yaparak ve geçici işlerden para sağlayarak nihayet Roma'ya varır. Roma'da ressam Gavin Hamilton ile, mimar Matthew Brettingham ve gine mimar Nicholas Revett ile dostluk kurar.

Britanyalı mimar ve çizer Nicholas Revett (1720-1804) yukarıda adı geçenlerle tanıştığında Roma'da Cavaliere Benefiale yanında resim öğrenimi yapmaktaydı (1742). Dört sanatçı 1748 yılının Nisan ayında yürüyerek Napoli'ye kadar olan yerleri gezerler ve bu sırada Revett ile Stuart Atina antik harabelerine ilişkin sadık bir betimleme metni yayınlama önerisi'ni yazarak bu fikri geliştirirler. Fikirleri daha sonra girişime dönüşüp Roma'da antik yunan kültürünü yoğun biçimde inceleyen Dilettanti grubu tarafından coşkuyla desteklenir. Hatta Dilettanti'ler Yunanistan seferinin masraflarını da karşılarlar.

Stuart ve Revett Yunanistan'a 1751'in ilkbaharında gelip 2,5 yıla yakın bir süre kalırlar. Birçok sorun ve zorluk yaşadıktan sonra 1755'te İngiltere'ye dönerler. Çalışmalarını özellikle Atina ve Attika çevresinde odaklamakla birlikte Korint, Selanik ve Delfi'yi de ziyaret ederler. Revett anıtların ölçülerini almayı Stuart ise desenlerini çizmeyi üstlenmişti. Desenlerin tümü yerinde tamamlanmıştır. İki araştırmacı kaydettikleri verilerin tamamen gerçeğe sadık olması için inceledikleri yapılarda hemen hemen temellere kadar ulaşan kazılar gerçekleştirirler. Kitabın giriş kısmında kendileri "Görünümü hoş kılacak herhangi bir öğe eklenmemiştir, insan yüzleri bile aslında olduğu gibidir" diye belirtirler. Atina antik harabelerinin ressam ve mimar James Stuart ile Nicholas Revett tarafından yapılmış ölçme ve çizimlerini içeren ilk cilt 1762'de basılır ve İngiltere'deki okur kitlesi tarafından büyük ilgiyle karşılanıp Avrupa'daki klasik kültür edebiyatında bir kilometre taşı oluşturur. Stuart ünlü bir kişi olur, "Atinalı" diye adlandırılır ve Royal Society üyeliğine kabul edilir. Bunun tersine, Revett, bir şekilde gölgede kalıp Stuart'la işbirliğine son verir ve kendi haklarını ona satar. Stuart öncelikle mimarlıkla uğraşıp İngiltere'de klasik yunan tarzında yapılan ilk binaların mimarı olur. 1788 yılında yapıtının ikinci cildini yayına hazırlarken ansızın ölür.

Revett, Dilettanti grubunun üyesi olarak arkeolojik seferlere devam eder, bunun yanısıra klasiğe çalan tarzda evler inşa eder. Revett 84 yaşındayken ölür. Dört ciltlik Atina antik harabeleri kitabının yayınını ise 1816 yılında Dilettanti Cemiyetinin öteki önde gelen üyeleri gerçekleştirir.

Antik anıt ve mimari parçaların kuşbakışı görünümlerini, kesit ve ayrıntılarını gösteren 300'den fazla mükemmel bakır gravüre ek olarak, her anıtın kullanımı hakkında açıklayıcı metinler, arkeolojik gözlemler ve seyahat izlenimlerinin yer aldığı kitap, antik anıtların genel ve çoğunlukla düşsel görüntüsünü sergilemek yerine anıtlarla ilgili ayrıntılı ölçmeler vermekle yeni bir çığır açmıştır.

Yazan: İoli Vingopoulou

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  Temple of Kardaki, Corfu. Details of the Order. Fig. 1: Elevation of the capital of the column and a section of the entablature restored from existing fragments, with the exception of the frieze. Fig. 2: Plan of the capital. Fig. 3: Plan of the fluting of the upper diameter, full size. Fig. 4: Shews the construction of the tympanum. Fig. 5: Shews the thickness of the tympanum stones. Fig. 6: Section of the end on one of the terra cotta tiles with which the roof was covered, full size.

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  Temple of Kardaki, Corfu: Fig. 1: Section of the capital, half the full size, Fig. 2: Section fo the moulding of the corona, half the full size. Fig, 3: Section of the internal moulding of the architrave, half the full size. Fig. 4 and 5: Elevation and section of an ornament supposed to have been in the frieze of the ambulatory, full size. Fig. 6: Section of the ornament in the true position.

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  Temple of Kardaki, Corfu: Fig. 1: Transverse section of the temple as it now remains. Fig. 2: Section from east to west. Fig. 3: Section and plan of a Doric capital found in a ruined church within the French lines. It has very much the character of the capital of the pseudodipteral and hexastyle temples at Paestum.

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  Plan of the Temple of Kardaki, Corfu. A denotes two wells.

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  Temple of Kardaki, Corfu: Elevation of the front towards the sea.

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  Temple of Apollo at Bassae: Fig. 1: Section through the frieze and cornice. Fig. 2, 3, 4: represent the section and elevations of the tiles and ante-fixae, which were of marble. [...] Fig. 5: Section of the raking cornice of the pediment. Fig. 6: The ornament of the sima more at large.

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  Temple of Apollo at Bassae. Details of the Ionic order of the interior. Fig. 1: Plan of the one of the attached Ionic columns with the various projections of the mouldings of the base. Fig. 2: Elevation of the preceding figures. [...] Fig. 3: Elevation of the front of the lower frustum and base of the Ionic columns. Fig. 4: Section to the fourth of the original size of the torus of the base, by which is shewn the peculiar section of the bottom of the flute. Fig. 5: Plan of three of the flutes at large. Fig. 6: Capital and upper part of the shaft. Fig. 7: Plan of the flutes at large. Fig. 8: Plan of the top of the capital. Fig. 9: Detail of the apothesis, fillet and astragal. Fig. 10: Perpendicular section through the eye of the volutes.

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  Tholos tomb of Mycenae (Treasury of Atreus): Subterranean chamber at Mycenae. Plan of the subterraneous chamber. Fig. 2 represents the plan of the supercilium or architrave over the door. Fig. 3, shews the plan of the same architrave on the step. Conduit and emissary at Tusculum near Rome.

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  Tholos tomb of Mycenae (Treasury of Atreus). Details of the front: Subterranean chamber at Mycenae. Details. Fig. 1 is of green marble, and still remains on the spot, immediately outside the avenue leading to the door. Fig. 2. Elevation of ditto, with part of the shaft of the column. Fig. 3. Detail of part of the ornament of the base developed at large. Fig. 4: Small fragment supposed to belong to the capital. Fig. 5: Part of the ornament of the shaft of column developed at large. Fig. 6: Plan of the upper part of the shaft. Fig. 7: Small fragment of white marble. Fig. 8: Small fragment of white marble, in the restoration applied as the parapet of the wall. Fig. 9: Fragment of green marble. Fig. 10: Fragment of red marble. The angle produced by two of the sides, corresponds precisely with the angles formed by the lines of the opening above the entrance, and which coincidence has therefore afforded authority for the introduction in the restored elevation of a basso-relievo.

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  Ancient theatre of Epidaurus: Theatre in the grove of Aesculapius near Epidaurus. Fig. 1: Plan of the diazoma. Fig. 2: Elevation and section of the diazoma and some of the seats above and below it [...] Fig. 3: The coping to the diverging enclosure wall of the coilon, which followed the inclined line of the wall. Fig. 4: Application of a fragment found within the sacred precinct. The parts restored are the plinths, columns and architrave; the cornice and pedimental ornament are of one piece of marble beautifully sculptured in low relief, and now much destroyed. Fig. 5 and 6: Plan and section of a reservoir or fountain, built of fine large blocks of stone covered with a thick and strong cement.

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  Ancient theatre of Dodoni: Fig. 1: Plan of the Theatre. Fig. 2: Elevation and section of the lower diazoma; the section in the corner shews more at large the profile of the small detail AA in the elevation. Fig. 3: Elevation and section of the upper diazoma. Fig. 4: Section through the uppermost corridor.

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  The entasis of various columns. Fig. 1. Entasis of the columns of the Portico of the Propylaea at Athens. Fig. 2: Do. Do. of the North Wing of the Propylaea. Fig. 3: Do. Do. of the Temple of Theseus. Fig. 4: Do. Do. of the Temple of Minerva, or Parthenon Fig. 5: Do. Do. Of the Choragic monument of Lysicrates.

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  Temple of Hephaestus (Thiseion), Athens. Details of the Capital of the Opisthodomos: Fig. 1: Elevation of the capital to a scale of two inches to a foot. 2. Section of the same to half the full size. 3. The annulets to the full size.

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  Doric entablature from the north side of the wall of the Acropolis of Athens: Elevation, section plans and bottom view.

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  Frontispiece: Portrait of James Stuart.

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  Title page. Altar from Ephesus, today at the British Museum.

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  Title page of the first part of the book. Tetradrachm from Agrigento, Sicily. Obv. Skylla.

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  Plans of the temples of Zeus and Heracles at Agrigento, Sicily. Map of the site.

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  Plan of the Temple of Zeus at Agrigento.

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  Temple of Zeus at Agrigento, Sicily: Interior order of the cella.

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  View of the ruins of the Temple of Zeus at Agrigento, Sicily.

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  Restoration of the Temple of Zeus at Agrigento, Sicily. On the left the Temple of Concordia and on the right the Temple of Athena.

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  Transverse section of the temple of Zeus at Agrigento.

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  Views, plans, and section plans of various architectural features of the Temple of Zeus at Agrigento, Sicily.

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  Front view and plan of the Temple of Heracles at Agrigento, Sicily. View of column and entablature. Section plan of moulding.

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  The Propylaea from the west. The Ottoman commander of the city garrison (Disdar aga), with a dervish. On the right, a Greek who is held prisoner.

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  Α. Etruscan palmette. Β. Ancient Athenian palmette. C. Acroterion from temple on Aegina. D. Palmette from the Parthenon.

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  Pnyx. The ancient place of Parliament of the Athenians.

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  View of Pnyx Hill from Piraeus.

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  Fig. 1. The Cave of Heracles on Mount Cynthus, Delos. Fig. 2. Fragment of the leg of Apollo's statue from Delos. Fig. 3. Fragment from relief from Delos. Fig. 4-15. Fragments from Delos. Fig. 16-19. Fragment from Rineia.

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  Column capital from Persepolis. Coin from Cilicia, showing a bull.

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  From the monument of the Bulls on Delos: 1. Plan of column capital with bulls' heads. 2: Triglyph with bulls' heads (reconstruction). 3: Side view of triglyph with bulls' heads. 4: Triglyph from the same monument. 5: Side view of column capital. 6: Reconstruction of the monument's colonnade. 7, 8: Elevation and section of column from the colonnade.

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  North east view of the temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae, near Phigalia.

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  Plan of the Temple of Apollo at Bassae.

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  Elevation of the the front of the Temple of Apollo at Bassae (reconstruction).

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  Temple of Apollo at Bassae. Details of the Doric capitals. Fig. 1: Capital of the Doric order of the peristyles to a larger scale. [...] Fig. 3: Annulets to the full size. Fig. 4: In this ouline are shewn the general principles which appear, on most occasions, to have directed the Greeks in the composition of their Doric capitals. Fig. 5: Capital of the pronaos and posticum. Fig. 6: Details of the annulets and necking of the less order to the full size. Fig. 7: Capital of the antae with the architrave of the order of the pronaos.

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  Temple of Apollo at Bassae: Longitudinal section through the posticum and opisthodomus of the temple.

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  Temple of Apollo at Bassae. Corinthian order and other details: Fig. 1: Base of the Corinthian order. Fig. 2: Profile of the torus traced from the original. [...]

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  Temple of Apollo at Bassae: The Lacunaria.

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  Tholos tomb of Mycenae (Treasury of Atreus): Entrance.

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  Plan of ancient theater.

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  Ancient Theater of Syracuse. Details: Fig. 1 represents the plan of the steps leading from the diazoma to the cuneus. Fig. 2: Section and elevation of ditto, thus brought together in order to explain more clearly the relative situation of the parts Fig. 3: Section through the podium of the diazoma, with the cornice restored.

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  Terracotta antefix, in the possession of Mr. Gropius, at Athens, and marble fragments from Delphi.

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  Temple of Hephaestus (Thiseion), Athens: Plan of the lacunaria.

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  Elevations, section plans and plans of funerary monuments from Alinda (today Karpuzlu), Asia Minor.

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  Elevation, section and plan of tower of fortress at Argolis (on the route to Tripoli). Section of tower at the Arcadian Gate of ancient Messene. Elevations and plans of two other towers.

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  Portrait of Nicholas Revett.

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  Atlas from the Temple of Zeus at Agrigento, Sicily.

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  Temple of Zeus at Agrigento, Sicily: Longitudinal section.

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  Outer peristyle of the Temple of Zeus at Agrigento Sicily: Fig. 1: View of crepidoma, base of the column, column, capitals and entablature. Fig. 2. Section plan of crepidoma, base of the column, capitals and entablature. Fig. 5. Plan of column.

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  View of the Pnyx. Plan and section plan of the bema, the orator's podium. Plan of the site of the Pnyx.

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  Fig. 1-4: Funerary steles from Athens. Fig. 5. Funerary lekythos.

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  Relief with palmettes and lotus at the annulets of the Ionian capitals of Erechtheion, at the Acropolis of Athens.

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  Comparison of peristyles from several Doric temples, showing the corner triglyph of each structure, in reference to the architectural question known as Doric corner conflict. A: From the remains of temple close to Delphi, possibly the Tempe of Athena Pronaia. B: From temple at Heraclea, Asia Minor. C, D: From the temples at Priene. E: From Halicarnassus. F: From the Doric Stoa of the ancient Agora of Athens, as drawn by Stuart G: From Selinunte, Sicily. H: From Paestum I: From Knidus.

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  Temple of Apollo at Bassae: Plans of the shaft, capital of the column, entablature. Section plan and bottom view of the entablature.

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  Arcadian Gate of ancient Messene: Fig. 1. Plan of the gate. Fig. 2. View of the interior. Fig. 3. and Fig. 4. Elevation and section plan of the niche at the interior. Fig. 5. and Fig. 6. Geisa of the niche. Fig. 7. Plan of tower. Fig. 8. Reconstruction of the interior gate.

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  Tholos tomb of Mycenae (Treasury of Atreus): Section of tholos.

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  Tholos tomb of Mycenae (Treasury of Atreus): Reconstruction.

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  Ancient theatre of Epidaurus: Plan.

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  Plan of the ancient theater at Syracuse, Sicily.

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  Marble stele in the possession of Mr. Gropius, Austrian ambassador, at Athens.

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  Pilaster capitals from Stratonice and Halicarnassus.

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  Capitals from Halicarnassus, Teos, and temple of Apollo at Didyma, near Miletus.

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  The entasis of various columns. Fig. 1. Entasis of the columns of the North Portico of the Erechtheion. Fig. 2: Entasis of the columns of the East Portico of that Temple. Fig. 3: Entasis of the columns of the Temple of Hephaestus (Thiseion). Fig. 4: Entasis of the columns of the Parthenon. Fig. 5: Section of the capital of the centre anta of the Choragic Monument of Thrasyllus.

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  Ancient bronze helmets in Corinthian style from Patras.

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  Ancient vase from Athenian tomb.